To declare which of my connections to my XMPP server has the ‘most important’ and ‘most chattable’ status, I use XMPP’s mechanism.

Basics of XMPP connections

XMPP connection is actually two streams of XML, one going from the client to the server, and the other from the server to the client. (If your client exposes a feature typically called “XML Console”, use it to see the traffic.) Each XMPP connection has a “resource” string attached to it (and generally requested by the client — though the server can opt to override it). Typically, clients will set it to a random string, to the client name, or to the hostname. Together with your account name (“Jabber ID”), resource forms a globally-unique way to reach you in the XMPP network; for example: username@example.net/GajimAtWork.

Basics of XMPP presences

Each XMPP connection’s status text and status type are declared using a tag. Just an empty tag means “My status type is ‘online’, with no status text and with priority set to zero”. To specify each of these, according to RFC3921’s section 2.2.2, you add extra tags inside the ¹:

  away
  This is my status
  20

The will be broadcast to users subscribed to them, whom you authorized to receive them.

How priority is used

The of a is used by clients for a variety of things, including prioritizing which status to display to users. And, even more importantly, servers use to determine where to deliver s that are directed towards a bare JID, and not towards a full JID. (A bare JID does not include the resource string, and thus describes an account; a full JID includes a resource string, and thus described a connection.)

Servers will deliver s aimed at a bare JID to all connections that have the top priority. For example, if you have the following connections:

Resource	Status	Priority
GajimAtWork	online	15
PidginAtWork	online	15
OldPhone	online	14
NewPhone	online	14
GajimAtHome	away	2
Tablet	away	1
Webmail	online	1

you will receive the message to GajimAtWork and PidginAtWork. (Specifics of this may be overridden by the server, especially if some XEP² such as ‘carbon copies’ is in use.) See more information in RFC3921, section 11.1 which discusses how the server should handle incoming stanzas (incl. those directed at bare JID).

And let’s say you absolutely don’t want to be disturbed to a certain device, unless this device is directly contacted (by specifying full JID). In that case, specifying a negative priority (say, -1) is handy, which tells the server not to deliver the message at all, even if it’s the top priority. You can still initiate outgoing chats; receiving a message commonly makes the client switch to sending to a bare JID from which it was received.

How priority is useful

Many of the better clients let you associate a priority with a status type; that is, if you set your status type () to dnd³, you can declare that your should also change to 20; and if you set your status type to online (that is, is missing), your should change to 40.

Combined with the fact that, all things equal, I would prefer to answer to incoming chats on my desktop, I began using the following setup in clients that support the aforementioned functionality:

show	Usual name in UI	Device type	Priority
chat	Free for chat	desktop	50
none	Available	desktop	30
dnd	Busy	desktop	25
away	Away	desktop	10
xa	Extended Away	desktop	2

For mobile, just decrease by one:

show	Usual name in UI	Device type	Priority
chat	Free for chat	mobile	49
none	Available	mobile	29
dnd	Busy	mobile	24
away	Away	mobile	9
xa	Extended Away	mobile	1

What happens if your client does not support ?

Useful clients which don’t support setting — for example, Conversations for Android (source) — will have priority set to zero. Such a client, however, will be useful mainly because it supports and uses replacement XEPs such as XEP-0280: Message Carbons, which will ensure the message is still delivered to that device. There will be dark sorcery involving XEP-0333: Chat Markers which will help to reduce the number of devices that are making noises, similar to experience in Hangouts.

Some say statuses and priority are not useful

Some say statuses and priority are not useful. I respect this opinion, but my personal experience with Hangouts where exactly this is the norm tells me otherwise. I’d rather automate declaring my status than have it disappear from my contacts’ feeds. “Locked my workstation? It’s 12:00-14:00? Probably at lunch.” and similar personalized heuristics. “I’ve been toying with my phone for more than 5 min? I am probably free for chat — but do tell the contacts that I am on my phone.”

That said, I do like and appreciate much of the modern experiences certain statusless client(s) have. There is something to be said for simply receiving messages where they should arrive and notify based on actual activity. I like the simplicity of it.

Then again, if I am at work, I probably don’t want to chat with you; how will non-personalized client know that I’m busy out of the box? Or even more importantly, how will it relay that to my contacts? Can I more simply teach my phone to shut up based on my personal daily routine?

shrug I think I can. Your mileage may vary.